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Modernization Aspects of Regional Policy in Central and Eastern Europe in the Context of EU Changes
The paper analyzes the experience of structural and cohesion policies pursued by the countries of the Eastern and Central Europe during their membership in the European Union. We can state that the countries – new members of the EU – displayed the increased economic, social, and infrastructural disparities. The paper considers the factors of the lowered effectiveness of regional policies such as the point of institutional equilibrium in regional policy, inevitable transboundery cooperation, and management of development plans as they are important for the purpose of coming planning for 2014–2020. The conclusion is to change factors of regional development means to change regional policies, their goals, tools, and institutions with safeguarding national interests
Keywords: European Union European Union countries of the Eastern and Central Europe competitiveness regional policy decentralization competitiveness
Directions of Development and Incentives for Reform in Municipal Systems of European Countries
The paper analyses ways to develop and premises to reform local self-government in European countries. It shows that the municipal bodies of the European Union have a right to settle issues of self-government. Reforms in municipal government systems have resulted in further decentralization of state power. The ‘dual’ model used in delegation of authorities has led to the fact that cities and villages started to fulfill a series of functions delegated by the state along with their own ones. As a consequence, in a few countries of the EU there have formed quasi-federal structures of municipal government
Wollmann H h0598bce@rz.hu-berlin.de
Keywords: local governance European Union local self-government European Union Treaty of Lisbon European Charter of Local Self-Government competencies of municipal bodies
The international competitiveness of R&D
The paper compares the rating methods for analyzing the international positions of Europe and Hungary in R&D competition, and considers the correlation of elements of the national innovation system in Hungary. The author concludes that still there is no satisfactory technique to have reliable comparisons but despite the methodological shortcomings the deteriorated respective positions of the EU and Hungary in the global economic competition, as some indicators show, can be observed within the recent decades. Reasons why this happened and the arguments for current necessity of greater R&D expenses to increase the competitiveness of the EU are presented.
Torok A. fotitkar@titkarsag.mta.hu
Keywords: European Union R&D scientific and research works competitiveness structure methods innovation
Innovation development: problems of measurement
The paper presents the results of studies on identifying a set of indicators to assess innovation development and its applying to innovation management. Using the EC data, the author shows the situation in this sphere characteristic for this most advanced region. As such indicators are mainly of the analytical characters, the necessity to apply a widen set of indicators to solve both analytical and managerial tasks is obvious. The innovation strategies developed by EC are also considered here, and the key indicators of major strategies are offered.
Keywords: European Union European Union innovation development innovation strategy innovation scoreboard innovation development innovation strategy indicators
