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Restructuring of the East German Industry

The article deals with the institutional and real-economic restructuring of industry in the former GDR based on the transformation of society. It shows how the country overcame the difficulties, what were the effects of a trans­formational crisis and consequences for the property relations. We also discuss the arranged measures aimed at reviving economic growth and the restruc­turing of industrial production related with the reindustrialization. To analyze the relationship between the institutional restructuring and its impact on the real economy, we use economic statistical methods. The restructuring of institu­tions has defined the vector of development for the East German industry, which is stipulated by its integration into the all-German economic system but has a very limited potential for growth and catching-up development. The region is currently much less behind West Germany but still not at the same level. The performance of the East German manufacturing industry accounts for about 63% of the West German one, and its increase has slowed down.

Ludwig U. udo.ludwig@iwh-halle

Keywords: East Germany industry transformation privatization institutional change reindustrialisation restructuring middle class

Transformations of Demographic Processes in Yakutia

Our analysis of the population reproduction transformations observed in Yakutia shows that sources of the population changed. The natural population growth in the region does not balance the outward migration flows, and depopulation could be regarded as a current trend of the regional demographic development. The aggregate and crude birth rates are still high. Despite the rise in births over the previous decade, the population replacement has been observed. The high indicators of bastardy are still characteristic and this displays the existence of new forms of matrimonial behavior in the region. The number of deaths in the region still remains high whereas the expected lifespan is low. The transformations observed take place due to positive dynamics of infant mortality. In recent years a coefficient of outward migration flow dropped but it is twice as much in the region than in the Far East District in whole

Pakhomov A. A. a.a.pakhomov@prez.ysn.ru

Mostakhova T. S. mostakhovats@mail.ru

Keywords: Yakutia demographic indicators transformation fertility risks birth rate country trends