Content №3 от 2023
Stress Changes of Russian Regions’ Tax Systems under the Influence of External Shocks
The study aims to examine the influence of external shocks, such as sanctions, the pandemic, and oil price fluctuations, on tax revenue stress in the country’s federal discticts and individual consistuent entities. To achieve this, we have developed a tax revenue stress index, which represents the spread from the moving standard deviation to the sliding rate of growth of annual tax revenues, and a methodology to decompose the index by its sources
Using the developed index, we estimate tax revenue stress in Russian regions from January 2013 to October 2022, considering the pre-pandemic, pandemic, and recovery periods. Our findings indicate a significant positive correlation between tax revenue stress and oil price stress with a lag of 4-7 months, although the response of regions to oil market conditions varies. Notably, the Far Eastern, Ural, and Siberian federal districts experience higher average tax revenue stress. Among the federal districts, the Ural district plays a major role in both increasing and reducing tax revenue stress, while the Central district acts as a strong stress buffer during external shocks.
The pandemic had a significant impact on tax revenues in most regions. However, in 24 out of 85 examined constitent entities of the Russian Federation, the average stress decreased, and in 36 regions, the maximum stress value decreased. During recovery, tax revenue stress was lower in 70 entities compared to the previous two periods. Nevertheless, metropolitan cities and certain regions have already felt the effects of new sanctions imposed in 2022. Notably, stress patterns behave abnormally in the Far Eastern border regions and Murmansk Oblast , which can be attributed to specific resilience factors related to their regional economies and specialization.
Opportunities for the Development of Tyumen Oblast Based on Oil and Gas Innovations
In the context of regional development, innovation and diversification are currently recognized as main strategic drivers. Particularly promising is the convergence of these areas, known as diversification based on innovation. For the resource sector of the economy and resource regions, such diversification entails the development of knowledge-intensive suppliers and high-tech services, often within specialized clusters. Given the increasing complexities of the resource base in the oil and gas sector and the pressures of sanctions, these objectives have gained significant relevance in Russia.
A compelling illustration can be found in the establishment of a competitive oil industry cluster in the southern part of Tyumen Oblast. It is shown that this cluster has the potential to be a crucial catalyst for the socio-economic progress of the region. However, for the oil industry cluster to contribute sustainably to the region’s economic growth in the long term, it necessitates a substantial share of innovative projects. These projects should be science-intensive and deliver high added value, while effectively addressing all the emerging challenges associated with changes in the primary assets of the oil and gas sector in Western Siberia.
Cooperative-Network Interactions of Organizations of the Region: Research Methodology and Results
This article presents the findings of an empirical study conducted by the authors on cooperative network interactions among organizations in the production sector of Altai Krai. The study focuses on the region’s socio-economic development and, based on a brief review of other works, explores the aspects contemporary of empirical research on cooperative-network relations among organizations. We discuss and systematize the theoretical and methodological aspects of the study, provide our interpretation of basic concepts, and outline the key areas of analysis. The study methodology is described, highlighting its thus predetermined specific features that involve a comprehensive examination of organizations in the region. This includes small, medium, and large enterprises engaged in various types of activities, both within the region and across different regions and countries through cooperative-networking linkages. A questionnaire survey has been the primary tool used for data collection. We explain the principles for selecting the sample population and provide details about the information base of the study, which enables the achievement of its main objectives. The substantial results of the study’s first stage are presented, derived from testing the methodology. They offer a general overview of the scale, nature, and driving forces behind the development of industrial cooperation in Altai Krai, a typical agro-industrial region. Additionally, the study addresses the challenges related to the formation and development of industrial cooperation in the region.
Trotskovsky A. Ya. altailab@mail.ru
Sergiyenko A. M. a.m.sergienko@mail.ru
Smart City as a Factor in the Development of High-Tech Companies
State policies increasingly focus on fostering an effective innovation ecosystem and promoting the sustainable growth of high-tech and knowledge-intensive companies. A critical aspect influencing these objectives is the urban environment, which serves as a primary interface for most companies. In this regard, the Smart City Initiative at the departmental level and the federal project “Formation of Comfortable Urban Environment" are striving to establish modern smart cities. Smart cities create a growing demand for high-tech products and knowledge-intensive services, consequently driving their supply. The establishment of a smart, comfortable, and technologically advanced environment, coupled with an openness to new technologies, acts as a catalyst for the emergence and expansion of high-tech companies, as well as the development of an effective innovation ecosystem. Smart cities also facilitate the creation of innovation exchange hubs such as technology parks, business incubators, etc. Moreover, the presence of numerous high-tech companies reinforces the utilization of digital technologies and the Internet of Things within the urban landscape. The technologies developed and implemented must be relevant and user-friendly for citizens.
This research aims to assess the reciprocal influence between high-tech and knowledge-intensive companies (HT&KICs) and smart cities, building upon a modified triple helix model as the theoretical framework. Through econometric analysis, we have observed that in large cities with a high level of digitalization in the urban economy and environment, there exists a positive impact on the development of HT&KICs.
The Potential of Smart Technologies to Reduce Youth Migration in the Russian Arctic Regions
The sustainable development of the Russian Arctic faces primarily socio-demographic risks: low population, migration outflow, subpar quality of life compared to the national average, and a mismatch between available educational opportunities and the needs of the Arctic economy and social sphere. Given that young peopleplay a crucial role in this area’s human and intellectual potential, their increased mobility in Arctic regions highlights the urgent need to find effective solutions to reduce youth migration. This can be achieved through the utilization of rapidly advancing digital technologies and smart solutions. This article presents the findings of a pilot study that aimed to test the hypothesis regarding the possible benefits of digital technologies in improving the quality of life for Arctic youth and mitigating their migration outflow. The results revealed significant potential for digital technologies to address the issue of youth migration outflow. In particular, the use of distance technologies to enhance the accessibility and quality of education can greatly influence young people’s decision to choose Arctic territories as their place of residence, work, and personal growth.
Levkin V. E. v.e.levkin@utmn.ru
Assessment of Firm-Specific Human Capital in the Context of Emergence Research
Human capital represents a crucial component for each enterprise, acting as a competitive advantage in achieving favorable outcomes. This study puts forward a hypothesis regarding the influence of factors causal to the emergent property on the self-assessment of firm-specific human capital within specific segments (individual categories) of the employed population, including business structure leaders, entrepreneurs, and employees. To measure firm-specific human capital, we employ a methodology adapted by the team of authors led by G.F. Romashkina from A. Moses’ research on human capital. The findings from our tests establish that social behavior factors, alongside traditional ones, significantly influence the self-assessment of firm-specific human capital, serving as the underlying conditions for the emergence effect.
Skipin D. L. d.l.skipin@utmn.ru
Sustainable Growth of the Development Districts in Tuva: a Sociological Aspect
Based on a sociological survey conducted among residents living in mining areas of the Tyva Republic (Tuva), this article examines the impact of industrial development on the region’s socio-economic advancement, particularly focusing on the environmental situation and the well-being of the population. The study identifies the sectors significantly affected by the economic exploitation of the territories and establishes the foundation for sustainable growth in these mining areas.
By employing cluster analysis, we categorize the development districts into three equilibrium states: indifferent, unsustainable, and sustainable. The research distinguishes the Tandinsky and Dzun-Khemchiksky districts as they remain unaffected by mining enterprises. In contrast, the Todzhinsky District demonstrates environmental degradation due to active mining operations. The Kyzylsky District is currently approaching a sustainable equilibrium state, with mixed changes observed across all three dimensions: economic, social and ecological. While negative assessments exist, positive ones prevail overall. The article also reveals divergence in collective assessments. Although clusters of values align closely on certain issues such as improving electricity supply, road quality, and increasing air pollution, opinions diverge on other aspects. The most notable divergence occurs in the assessment of wages and the local population’s purchasing power.
City’s Tourist Attractiveness from Local Residents’ Point of View: Netnographic Approach
In today’s context, there is an urgent need to find new mechanisms for fostering domestic tourism. To formulate effective strategies for developing the tourism potential of specific territories, it is necessary to gather data on the tourist preferences and tastes of both visitors and residents. This study aims to create an applied tool for tourism design by utilizing a netnographic analysis of social networks. Through it, we identify the most appealing locations in Volgograd. The findings of this research can be used to optimize the allocation of tourism resources among these territories. The proposed consumer content analysis method, devised by the author, enables precise identification of each tourist cluster and optimization of its boundaries, thereby providing more comprehensive insights into tourist distribution in space and preferences.
Cost-Benefit Analysis in the Evaluation of Large Research Infrastructure Projects: Akademgorodok 2.0
This article examines the evolution of cost-benefit analysis methods in line with advancements in science and technology. It proposes a comprehensive set of interconnected models that combine an expanded financial and economic model as their basis, an optimization multiregional input-output model, along with detailed financial and economic models for individual subprojects and econometric models for some public effects. These models are utilized to evaluate the efficiency of large-scale investment projects. The study then focuses on four scenarios of technological changes and presents the calculation formulas for each key stage. Using these methods, the research assesses, for the first time, the performance indicators of “Akademgorodok 2.0, " a large-scale real project with a 2013-2030 timeline and an investment of 299 billion rubles. When considering constant 2013 prices, a cost-benefit analysis reveals a net discounted income of800 billion rubles at a 7% discount rate, or 1964 billion rubles without discounting. These figures demonstrate that the project’s financial, economic, and budgetary efficiency indicators align with evaluations of similar mega science installations in Europe.
Academic Cooperation in Siberia and Kazakhstan: Between the Past and the Future
In the new geopolitical and economic landscape, the transformation of cross-border relations and the strengthening of integration processes with Central Asian countries, particularly in the so-called “eastern vector, " hold significant importance for the development of Russia and the Eurasian Economic Union. Within this context, Siberia’s role in fostering such interactions, with a specific focus on collaboration among regional scientific, educational, and innovation ecosystems, is increasingly vital.
This article examines the potential of cross-border cooperation in science, technology, the training of highly skilled professionals, and various approaches to advancing such cooperation. Specifically, it focuses on the dynamic Republic of Kazakhstan and Novosibirsk, which has emerged as the primary scientific and innovative hub for Eurasian cross-border interactions in Asian Russia. By exploring the establishment of a branch of Novosibirsk State University and an Akademgorodok in the city of Konaev, Kazakhstan, the article illustrates the steps involved in Russian-Kazakh scientific, technological, and educational cooperation, as well as the expected outcomes of these collaborative efforts.
Markova V. M. markova_vm@mail.ru
Saltykov E. T. erts2001@mail.ru
Transbaikalia as a Communications Hub with the Outside World: Potential and Risks
This article assesses the role of Transbaikalia in the Russian economic space and explores its development potential in the new geopolitical landscape. Transbaikalia, identified as a key geostrategic region, serves as a vital link between the Far East and the rest of Russia. Moreover, it acts as a gateway to the primary land corridor extending deep into the Asian mainland. The study explores the trade and financial interactions of Transbaikalia with China and Mongolia, particularly within the China-Mongolia-Russia economic corridor, as well as its own potential for development through increased business activities with neighboring countries. The analysis draws upon customs data, banking information, and business statistics. It highlights a lower level of economic activity within local communities in Transbaikalia when compared to partners along the economic corridor. Furthermore, it emphasizes the peripheral position of Transbaikalia in federal strategies for macroregional development and the prevailing pattern of interaction in the northern direction, i.e., from China to Russia. This raises the issue of prioritizing the development of this region at the federal level, which is crucial for ensuring economic security amid the intensifying Asian direction of the country’s global engagement.
Socioeconomic Zoning of the Cross-Border Region Between Kazakhstan and Russia
The study’s relevance is substantiated by the strategic goal and practical significance of economic cooperation and integration, as well as the advancement of cultural and political collaboration between neighboring states. The research involves analyzing socioeconomic data of cross-border territories and zoning the Kazakhstan-Russia border area. This comprehensive study can serve as a foundation for detecting border security risks and examining the stability of the Kazakhstan-Russia border.
The findings reveal the existence of four socioeconomic regions within the Kazakhstan-Russia cross-border area: Western, Central, Northern, and Eastern, each with its specifics. The Western and Northern regions are identified as having predominantly developed territories, whereas the Central and Eastern ones exhibit lower levels of development and economic prosperity. Interestingly, a consistent pattern emerged, indicating significant developmental asymmetry between adjacent border areas in the more developed territories, whereas such disparities were minimal in the less developed regions. Overall, the research findings demonstrate notable differences in socioeconomic parameters across the Kazakhstan-Russia cross-border region.
Structural, Institutional, and Spatial Factors in the Operation of Novosibirsk Oblast Enterprises
This article investigates how structural, institutional, and spatial factors influence business performance in Novosibirsk Oblast. The study utilizes data from the SPARK-Interfax database for the years 2019-2020, focusing on enterprises in the region. The empirical analysis employed regression models and an extended production function approach to examine how various factors influence enterprise revenue and profit. In addition to assets and labor remuneration, the study assessed the impact of factors such as industry affiliation, firm age, ownership form, and distance to the regional capital. The findings reveal that private businesses and young firms demonstrate higher productivity and profitability, underscoring the importance of supporting entrepreneurship and new ventures in the region. Furthermore, industrial and service businesses outperform the agricultural sector, suggesting targeted assistance for agriculture may be warranted. The analysis highlights the significant contribution of agglomeration effects to firm performance in Novosibirsk Oblast, comparable to national averages. This emphasizes the need for transport and infrastructure projects that reduce the cost of business interactions.
