Content №3 от 2017
A New Interdisciplinary Area of Study: Arctic Regional Science
Methods for the State Regulation of the Russian Economy in Various Socio-Economic Formations
Russian Regions in the System of Global Workforce Productivity Trends
The article analyzes characteristics of the economic development of Russian regions for the post-Soviet period, both internally and internationally. It demonstrates that the economic space configuration, i.e. its regional structure, is very conservative and not amenable to noticeable changes. A weak downward trend in the spread of workforce productivity indicators and per capita GRP has been evident since the mid-2000’s. In the last 15–20 years, most of the regions have shown dominating dynamics when compared to the world average. As a result, the productivity level of all the Russian regions surpassed the global average by 103.5% in 2000, 125.1% in 2005, and 136.1% in 2010. Under certain assumptions, a 1.5-fold excess of productivity index for Russia over the world average estimate by 2025 is premised on the 2.6% average annual growth rate in the Russian Federation during the period between 2011–2025.
Economic Growth and Urbanization of Russian Regions
The article shows that the level of urbanization in Russia is trending upward. Within the period under study (1992–2014), the size of Russia’s urban population changed due to natural population growth and migration, as well as administrative and territorial transformations. The evaluation of urbanization factors indicates the relocation of Russian economic activity to the biggest cities. We have found a distortion of a long-term positive impact of economic growth on the level of urbanization in the existing spatial structure of the Russian economy, defined by a large diversity of regional socio-economic systems. The article demonstrates a statistically significant positive effect of economic growth on the level of urbanization over a long-term period, provided that we exclude regions with a high mining share in the gross added value from the data pool.
Reindustrialization of Agro-Industrial Complex as the Food Security Basis for Russian Regions
The article identifies problems and prospects associated with substituting the import of agricultural products and increasing their competitiveness through reindustrialization. We define the main directions, goals, tasks, principles, measures, and potential results of reindustrialization that will ensure food security in Siberian regions, in view of their specific features. Using the agro-industrial complex of Novosibirsk Oblast as an example, we mention projects on reindustrialization and self-sufficiency in basic products.
Reindustrialization of the Rural Economy in Transbaikal: Traps and Opportunities
The article considers the conditions, peculiarities, and opportunities for the reindustrialization (new industrialization) of the rural economy in Zabaykalskiy Krai (Transbaikal). We analyze the effects of the collapse of the Soviet agrarian development model in remote Russian regions, which, inter alia, led to a de-graded Transbaikal agri-food sector and chronic losses for local agricultural producers. The article describes the traps standing in the way of sustainable rural development associated with the lack of efficient overcoming mechanisms, regularly arising negative natural and climatic phenomena, investment activity encouragement, and competitive advantages. Based on a sociological survey, we present a spectrum of agribusiness community’s opinions on the existing problems of the agricultural sector, urgent trends, ways for its improvement, and reforming organizational and financial conditions that would give impetus to agribusiness development in Zabaykalskiy Krai. The article contemplates two approaches to the reindustrialization of the agro-industrial complex in Transbaikal. The first approach presupposes an emphasis on attracting large producers, capable of carrying out «industrialization-type» investment pro-jects, which reduce the dependence on unfavorable natural conditions, at their own expense and with state support. The second approach relies on the advan-tages of a multi-structural economy and the creation of mechanisms for the integ-ration of agro-industrial enterprises of various levels and sizes (small, medium, and large) into economic (internal and external) space.
Bogomolova T. Yu. bogtan@rambler.ru
Fadeeva O. P. fadeeva@ieie.nsc.ru
Classification of Russian Regions by Age-Specific Natality Models
The article uses age-related demographic indicators depending on birth order to determine groups of regions with various demographic patterns. We show that regions require differentiated family and demographic policies. Natality model characteristics may be considered when predicting population size and developing measures to stimulate birth rate in different age groups comprising women of fertile age.
Classification of Russian Regions by Age-Specific Natality Models
The article analyzes the dynamics of demand for tourist services in Russian regions under the current Western sanctions regime. We identify groups of regions that reflect a change in demand for tourist services by using the Statgraphics Centurion package. Regions were grouped according to the rate of growth in the number of placed tourists and the rate of growth in the amount of paid hotel services provided to the population. We have concluded that there are regions capable of steadily attracting tourists under sanctions.
Romanyuk A. V. Romanyuk.AV@rea.ru
Fundraisers and Their Motivation (Case of Public Social Service Agencies in Omsk Oblast)
By using sociological methods, the article examines fundraising activities in public social service agencies of Omsk Oblast. We give characteristics to the regional system of social services and provide rationale for choosing it as our research base. The article builds a fundraiser’s sociological profile and explores the main components of his motivational frame. The study depicts motives for attracting additional resources and special features of fundraisers. We show that there is a need to professionalize fundraising in social service institutions, train fundraisers, and prevent their emotional burnout. A revealed specificity of fundraising activity makes it possible to view it as intermittent work, which has signs of both wage and volunteer labor; thus, this matter demands further economic and sociological study.
Spatial Development Features of Oil and Gas Services: Global Trends and Lessons for Russia
Using the OMMM-TEK Information-Program-Model Complex in Scenario Analysis of the Development of the Fuel and Energy Sector in Regions: Methodical Aspects
The article describes an interregional input-output optimization model for the fuel and energy sector (OMMM-TEK model complex), experience of its use, and functioning scheme. From the methodological point of view, we show how its application allows modeling and analyzing macroeconomic consequences of reducing coal and gas exports to Europe, presented as various scenarios. The article examines previous experience of OMMM-assisted gas exports modeling and reproduces it in experimental calculations. We compare it with the analysis concerning the ratios between specific coal and gas exports and imports of products with high added value based on input-output tables. In calculations, we use a method of linking negative incremental values of re- gional coal and gas exports to the national imports of engineering products in certain quantitative proportions. We draw a distinction between the concepts of a national economic scenario and situational scenarios. Options for exporting fuel and energy resources are built upon parametric analysis within the given national economic scenario. The article shows that potential GDP (GRP) losses following a reduction in coal and gas exports and in the imports of engineering products may be rather significant. However, they can be largely compensated by import substitution.
The Irtysh River Transboundary Basin: Problems and Solutions
Climate and Reported Subjective Well-Being of Russia’s Households
The article analyzes the impact of climate change on the overall well-being of households. It provides quantitative estimates of the dependence of subjective well-being valuations on regional climate parameters. As a hypothesis, it is assumed that subjective happiness estimates recovered via panel surveys reflect rational individual preferences that may be represented by a utility function while its parameters can be assessed with an econometric model. We conduct an econometric estimation of the parameter values of a happiness function using an ordered probit regression model. The model is built on the data provided by the Rosstat statistical agency and the primary data of the Russian Longitude Monitoring Survey (RLMS-HSE). We show that the climate factor has a highly significant effect on a respondents’ self-reported life quality valuation; as significant as the impact of other, more common factors such as money income, employment status, health condition, the quality of drinking water and air, etc. The findings may be used in the economic valuation of climate change consequences, as well as the development of policies aimed at preventing climate change.
Mkrtchyan G. M. gagik@ieie.nsc.ru
High-Tech Leaders: Sustainability of Their Market Positions, Sectoral and Regional Characteristics
The Practice of Evaluating Strategies of Municipal Districts
The article considers a procedure for running a contest of strategies for municipal districts development and its results. The contest took place in 2016 and was meant to stimulate strategic planning at the municipal level and disseminate best practices in this sphere.
