Content №4 от 2025
Life Expectancy of the Population ofthe Kemerovo Oblast - Kuzbass: Features and Reserves for Increase
In modern geopolitical, demographic, socio-economic conditions, reducing mortality and, accordingly, increasing life expectancy are the main factors for achieving the leading national development goal of the Russian Federation - saving the population. Currently, Russia ranks 101st out of 195 countries in life expectancy. Interregional differences in the indicator within the country are also significant. Thus, among all the subjects of the Russian Federation in 2022, the Kemerovo Oblast ranked only 71st in terms of life expectancy of the population of both sexes, 69th for men and 77th for women. Life expectancy in the Kemerovo Oblast - Kuzbass has been lower for a long time than in the Russian Federation, the Siberian Federal District as a whole and in its individual subjects - Krasnoyarsk Krai, Novosibirsk, Omsk and Tomsk Oblasts. The lag of the Kemerovo Oblast from the Russian Federation for 1990-2023 on average per year is 3.14 years for both sexes, 3.43 years for men, 2.60 years for women.
To successfully solve the set tasks of increasing life expectancy and reducing the differentiation of indicators, it is necessary to know what is the contribution of mortality by age and cause of death to the differences in life expectancy and the existing reserves for its increase. As a result of decomposition of the differences in life expectancy of the population of the Kemerovo Oblast and the compared territories, the following results were obtained: the greatest contribution is made by mortality from HIV infection, external causes, respiratory diseases, diseases associated with dangerous alcohol consumption in working age (especially at the age of30-44 years), as well as from diseases of the circulatory system at ages older than working age. The life expectancy reserves of the population of Kuzbass associated with the exclusion of the main classes of causes of death are 14.48 years for men and 9.98 years for women. Losses associated with infections (largely with HIV), external causes, diseases of the respiratory system, digestion, excessive alcohol consumption, are concentrated in the working age, with diseases of the circulatory system and neoplasms - in ages older than the working age.
The results of the study are recommended for use in the development of federal and regional socio-demographic programs, in planning the activities of individual healthcare services and institutions, and for the rational use of limited resources, including financial ones.
